def get_item_length(item):
    count = 0
    for _ in item:
        count += 1
    return count


def get_last_character(item):
    return item[-1]


def get_count_a(item):
    return item.count("a")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(get_item_length("Hello world"))
    print(get_last_character("abcde"))
    print(get_count_a("abade"))
